Thursday, July 30, 2020
True Story Great Nonfiction In Audio
True Story Great Nonfiction In Audio This look at great nonfiction audiobooks is sponsored by HMH Books and Media. The best-selling author of How Children Succeed returns with a powerful, mind-changing inquiry into higher education in the United States âGorgeously reported. Vividly written. Utterly lucid. Paul Tough jumps skillfully between deeply engaging personal narratives and the bigger truths of higher education.â â"Ira Glass, host, This American Life I discovered audiobooks almost accidentally, as my love and curiosity for radio drama grew. Radio drama taught me to listen without being disturbed by outside distractions, so by the time I picked up audiobooks I was ready for them. Because I find myself unable to read nonfiction for some reason, audiobooks are a fantastic tool for me, and they mean much more than just pure entertainment: they allow me to read things I wouldnât pick up in print. Across the years I have been looking for great nonfiction in audio, in an effort to help while the time away on my commute to work, or while doing chores around the house. I believe I can assuredly say that I have found a few. Here is a list of great nonfiction books that I have gathered for you, from memoirs to science, feminism, religion, and even a few writing tips and funny stories. How To Be Champion by Sarah Millican I love Sarah Millican. If you are looking for new comedians to follow after the big #metoo scandal, Sarah is a safe bet: sheâs quirky, her humor is self-deprecating, and the stories she brings on stage are as much relatable as they are true. Her memoir is one of growing up and trying to figure life out (as we all do), told in the same fun and honest way that Millican delivers her comedy lines. I laughed, I cried, and Iâve learned that investing in what you love, either as a hobby or as an actual job, will lead you to where you need to be. Becoming by Michelle Obama Iâm far from believing that anyone in a position of power is perfect in their actions, but as an European on the outside looking into America, Michelle Obama seems too good to be true: kind, worried about issues that matter, using her own role as First Lady to leave something good behind. I had just read her memoir when I discovered she was coming to Amsterdam. I was too late to get tickets, but the impression her book left on me made up for that; it shows a person who never had any political aspirations, and yet, when put in a political setting, did her best to use that for good. In the book, Michelle talks about more than just her role as First Lady: she digs into her childhood, her career aspirations growing up, and youll find that reading about her college years is a treat. Born A Crime by Trevor Noah Now, this book has been out since 2016, but itâs too good not to be included on this list. It is a well-known story that Trevor became a stand-up comedian by chance, but I think its safe to claim that it was by destiny. He is a fantastic storyteller, and you will laugh out loud at unexpected times. One of the funniest books Iâve read, Trevor turns absolutely horrific stories into a comedy show. In the book he explains how it felt growing up in South Africa during apartheid, born to a black mum and a white dad. Every Tools A Hammer by Adam Savage Savageâs obsession with building things is inspiring and in this book, more than telling us his life story, he teaches us how to start building too. Alongside his love for cosplay, he tells the story of how he grew up to become a builder, and how he ended up being a part of Mythbusters. If you are a building nerd, you are in for a few interesting pages, and thereâs even a whole chapter dedicated to Savageâs favourite types of glue. Which you can skip, if itâs not your cup of tea; you will find that the book is still a worthy and inspiring listen. Hunger: A Memoir Of My Body by Roxane Gay The first book I read by Roxane Gay was Bad Feminist, an essay on both feminism and race, and when I was done with it I immediately picked up Hunger. I donât know one single woman who hasnât dealt with the weight of their own body, and how others perceive it and want us to perceive it. Some men might grow up with family and strangers alike thinking they have a right to talk about how they look, but Iâd risk that this is a problem which afflicts all women, either the talk is positive, or negative. Hunger talks about that, and more; itâs a powerful memoir, and essay, on body image, body acceptance, and how the world is made up for certain sizes. We Should All Be Feminists by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie This is a short essay that you can listen to in about an hour, and it describes how Adichie stumbled upon feminism. Still a child, she was called a feminist by a friend, and when she got home and checked its definition, she did not understand why it had been thrown at her by her friend as if it was an insult. Itâs a powerful story, which will make you laugh, and feel outrageous, and will warm your heart in the best ways. Itâs a lesson on feminism and why we should all aim to be feminists. The Naked Truth: A Memoir by Leslie Morgan This is both a memoir and a sex diary, written by a woman after a difficult divorce. It is also a true story. After divorcing her husband of 20 years, now close to reaching her 50s, Morgan decides she is going to have only physical no-strings-attached relationships for a year, in a way to reevaluate herself and her life. She is a writer, so she decides to document her experiences and emotions during this year. Although the moral of the book will depend on your own view of all the shenanigans described by Morgan, this is a very entertaining listen which certainly spiced up my commute. On Writing: A Memoir Of The Craft by Stephen King I felt the need to add something for those who like to write and would appreciate no-genre tips from the master of horror. More than a book on writing, this is also a memoir of Kingâs life, and he entangles both things in a very interesting way. He points out his many rejections, his achievements, and it is an inspiring read for writers and readers alike. Whether you like Kings books or youre just looking for tips from someone who made it in the craft of writing, this is an essential book. Educated by Tara Westover This was possibly the best book Iâve listened to this year. Being raised Catholic in a family who didnt exactly follow the rules of the Bible to the core, I distanced myself more and more from religion as I grew up. Ive realized that while I know very little about my own religion, I know even less about other religions and those who follow them. Tara Westover was raised in a strict Mormon family, and this is her own story of growing up in a strict and even sadistic environment until she eventually found a way out of its confines. This book will shock you, maybe even enrage you, but itâs a powerfully told story, and I couldnât recommend it more, especially for those who have questioned the religion imposed on them from birth and would like to listen about a similar experience. . The Witchcraft Of Salem Village by Shirley Jackson I had heard tales and rumors about the witches of Salem, but I had never heard their complete story. In this book, Jackson explains how a few girls in the small village of Salem make the whole village believe that witchcraft is real, and how these trials were so unfairly taken without little more than word of mouth, and prejudice against certain women. Itâs an enthralling tale, and we may try to figure out how it was possible that such an unfair trial took place, knowing well enough that even nowadays unfair trials are carried solely based on the hate the world unreasonably has for women. When The Air Hits Your Brain: Tales Of Neurosurgery by Frank T. Vertosick Jr. This is one of my most favourite audiobooks out there. I have recommended it to people who like life stories and science alike. Although I have seen When Breath Becomes Air by Paul Kalanithi being recommended countless times, this audiobook, while slightly similar in theme, presents a more interesting approach: not only is it part memoir, a lot of it is hospital tales from the neurosurgery ward, making it a bit less personal in what relates to the author and a little more technical, without forgetting the human side present in any hospital. Youll learn loads of details about the neurosurgery ward, and about your own brain. Super interesting listen. All That Remains: A Life In Death by Sue Black If you like science, and if you are particularly interested in death from a scientific, pragmatic point of view, this is the book for you. Black, a forensic anthropologist, has written a detailed book which covers one of the things most people fear: death. In it, with a certain amount of humour, and by putting all the facts she has learned in her career on the table, the author takes us with her in a vey interesting journey. Probably not for the faint of heart, but certainly for those who wish to understand death better. The Uninhabitable Earth: Life After Warming by David Wallace-Wells Those who worry about the future of planet Earth and shouldnt we all worry? will not find solace between these pages. This book analyses, without sugarcoating, the impact global warming is going to have on earth in the near future, while also pondering on how this will affect our politics, and our history. Itâs more actual than ever. Why We Sleep: Unlocking The Power Of Sleep And Dreams by Matthew Walker Itâs worrying how much we tend to disregard our need for sleep. Up until recently, there was no exact explanation of why we sleep, but this book finally brings forward the hows and whys, and how important sleep is to humans. It is the result of a lifetimes scientific research. Especially if you are someone whose motto in life is âIâll sleep when I dieâ, this a read well-worth the time: dying might be closer than you think if sleeping is something you disregard. Want more? Here are 50 of the best nonfiction audiobooks and a look at some excellent must-read short nonfiction audiobooks. Sign up for Audiobooks to receive the latest from the audiobooks world.
Friday, May 22, 2020
Analysis Of Monster On The Loose - 1232 Words
Rodrigo Garcia Dr. Summers ENGL-1301-101 13 October 2017 Monster on the Loose During finalââ¬â¢s exam week, students tend to procrastinate and stress out. This results in lack of sleep. With that, this leads to the consumption of an energy drink, such as a Monster. This product made its debut around 2002. From there, the production rate has skyrocketed its sales in the 20th century. The Hansen Beverage company is the owner of this product and has been accused of many health-related problems, and despite their increase in sales each year; their price is similar to any other beverage making it inexpensive. One of the reasons why sales increase is because of the unique taste it has makes it addictive. However, people should consume responsiblyâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦(June R. Para 5) The majority of the people who like this drink is because itââ¬â¢s taste in soda. The reason why the Hansen Beverage Company is a success because of their variety of energy drink flavors. This gives the consumer a wide range of satisfying Monster products to try. Despite , its ingredients, most people prefer the original flavor (green) because it has an original taste of an energy drink. Moreover, if a person decides to buy a Monster, any grocery and convenience store has this product on their shelves. The price ranges from $1.50- $2.50 making it a bit more equal with other beverages. Many consumers purchase this beverage because it has a similar price to any other beverage and once this product is consumed an addiction can happen. That is because Monster contains excessive amounts of caffeine. In fact, ââ¬Å"consuming only 100 g of caffeine daily overtime can turn it into a habit.â⬠(UHN Staff Para.1) Unfortunately, the price does not keep people from purchasing Monster. ââ¬Å"The reason why Monsterââ¬â¢s prices should increase is because itââ¬â¢s killing Americaââ¬â¢s youth because they canââ¬â¢t cope with the ingredients.â⬠(Gosliner, Crawford, Wendi Para.1) If that is the case, the price of a Monster should increase to prevent addiction and death in teenagers. Aside from that, a normal beverage is much moreShow MoreRelatedScene Analysis of Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay790 Words à |à 4 PagesScene Analysis of Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Frankenstein was a novel written by Mary Shelley in 1832. At the time when Frankenstein was written gothic novels were very popular and so this novel was seen to be very popular. In 1994 the Frankenstein novel was turned into a movie by Kenneth Branagh, starring Kenneth Branagh himself as Victor Frankenstein. 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Sunday, May 10, 2020
What Every Body Is Saying About Business Research Paper Writing Is Wrong and Why
What Every Body Is Saying About Business Research Paper Writing Is Wrong and Why To begin with, it permits the writer to state the goals of the research and to reinforce their importance from various perspectives in distinct sections. In any case, brainstorming business research paper ideas is quite simple for our writers, while for an ordinary student it's a laborious and tedious task that demands a great deal of attention and concentration. Hence, if you believe banking essays are boring just like your company studies are, then you're probably wrong here. Banking essays can be real fun to play with if you've got an exhaustive understanding about the discipline and have keen interest in writing, so should you think that you cannot write decent banking essays than again you're mistaken. A 10-page paper isn't going to look such a terrific deal of work when you have a broad and intriguing topic to explore throughout it. Make certain you're focused on getting your work done and you are seriously interested in the circumstance. Select business thesis topics that you're interested in, otherwise you find yourself forcing yourself to finish your work with no true outcome. Clearly, there's work to be accomplished. It's possible for you to brainstorm suggestions for your topic and consider what you know or what you wish to find out more about. If you pick a topic that you personally would enjoy, then it's more probable you will expand on such a topic and make an effective research paper. Opt for a great topic you understand well. Additionally, the topic needs to get practical applicability. New Step by Step Roadmap for Business Research Paper Writing With a topic chosen, the author should then conduct research from assorted sources out there. The Literature Review states the significance of the issue. Writing is always much easier when you're well prepared to get started which is true with the majority of things in life. If you wish to acquire con siderable discounts and offers on your company research paper, place your purchase now. The previous paper was shown to be a substantial hit with our clients! If you are trying to get genuine research help services at reasonable price, you've landed on the most suitable spot. Make your very first order at this time and find the help you need whenever possible. It's not quite as easy as writing an essay about your summer vacation, your family members, or the previous party you've been to, as you don't need to do research to figure out about your personal experience. If you're citing a whole work, it's essential to include only the author's surname without page numbers. While selecting a topic you will need to balance between something on which you'll be able to offer a good quantity of detail and something you will feel comfortable to write about. One of the reason is they don't have expert writers of all of the domain. You also ought to begin making your own Research Paper Outlines in order to capture thoughts and concepts which you wouldn't normally think of when focusing on the principal topic. Research papers are definitely the most difficult part of all business classes. Create guidelines of what you would like to achieve in your research. Literature Review The research gives a quick overview of the literature on the prevailing body of information within the area of study that they have to investigate to proceed with their research. The Number One Question You Must Ask for Business Research Paper Writing To conclude, the discussed business aspects can be identified as the particular measures to assess the organization's effectiveness and competitiveness and as the prospective areas that may be made better. At the exact same time, social responsibilities ought to be recognized as the essential components of the company strategy to consider since they can enable the organization achieve the desired goals. Neglect of a company may also be its downfall. You begin your business for the incorrect factors. Just like when employing a drafting paper template, you also need to make sure that your research paper is straightforward, detailed, and informational. A research paper consists of a study that normally starts with the invention of a research paper outline. Nevertheless, the secret to a prosperous research paper is organization. An analytical research paper is a type of college research paper. Your essay will consist of numerous points. By its nature and part in the area, the company research paper differs from a conventional academic piece. From the moment you select your topic to the last vital strokes on the keyboard, you will want to make sure your paper is engaging. Many students realize that writing down bibliographic details on the card of every quotes or fact saves a wonderful deal of time when it has to do with writing the reference page into deciding their sources. The Chronicles of Business Researc h Paper Writing Explains no matter how the analysis would augment or produce the current literature within the current field. A standard stream of market research information can enable you to make the most of the capacity of your existing small small business pursuits and enable you to earn a roadmap for future growth. Visual content is equally as crucial as text for marketing communications. Research papers written for the company field must have various elements that constitute not just completeness, but could accurately demonstrate the suitable information which is being sought.
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Islamic State Free Essays
string(43) " on various properties such as zakat on 7\." Islamic Economics Institution Of Bait-ul-Maal By Muhammad Adeel Mian Sajjad Naqwi Sec-H Presented to: Miss Tahseen Lahore School of Economics BAIT-UL-MAAL Introduction The bait-ul-maal is a unique institute which was established for the economic prosperity of the people. As we all know in the Islamic system of life sovereignty belongs to Allah and man is His vicegerent on earth. Similarly the same concept applies to Bait-ul-maal, where Allah is sole master of this treasury while the caliphs are only the trustee of Bait-ul-Maal. We will write a custom essay sample on Islamic State or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this sense the concept of Bait-ul-maal is different from the concept of public exchequer in un-Islamic systems. In an Islamic state Bait-ul-maal is Safeguarded and expenditures from it is made in the sense that it is a trust. Definition So how can we define bait-ul-maal? It is the place which is designed for keeping the spoils of war, charity, land tax and Jizyah (the tax which a free non-Muslim pays in Muslim countries in return for his protection), and this money should be in the hands of the caliph or a Muslim ruler who spends it in what Allaah has ordained. Historically, it was a financial institution responsible for the administration of taxes in Islamic states, particularly in the early Islamic Caliphate. It served as a royal treasury for the caliphs, managing personal finances and government expenditures. Further, it administered distributions of zakah revenues for public works. History Bayt al-mal was the department that dealt with the revenues and all other economic matters of the state. In the time of Muhammad (SAW) there was no permanent Bait-ul-Mal or public treasury. Whatever revenues or other amounts were received were distributed immediately. There were no salaries to be paid, and there was no state expenditure. Similarly Prophet Muhammad, (pbuh), established the common brotherhood of Muslims soon after the Hijrah to Medina from Mecca. Each resident of Medina became a helper (ansar) to each individual who migrated with Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). The rich Muslims took charge of the poor ones and soon the economic disparity was removed with the interdependency. Hence the need for the treasury at public level was not felt. Abdullah ibn Abbas (R. A) states: ââ¬Å"For me to fulfil the necessities of a Muslim family for a month or for a week or whatever period of time Allah pleases is more beloved to me than performing hajj after hajj. Buying a utensil for even a daaniq (one-sixth of a dirham) and giving it to my brother as a gift for the pleasure of Allah is more beloved to me than spending a dinar in the path of Allah. â⬠ââ¬â Abu Nuââ¬â¢aym in Hilya 1:328 But It wont be right to say that the concept of Bait-ul-maal didnââ¬â¢t exist at the time of last prophecy. The Prophet, sallallaahu ââ¬Ëalayhi wa sallam, used to have trustworthy people who kept these assets and they divided them with his order on those who deserved them. The mosque was the place in which the assets and belongings were exposed and the Prophet, sallallaahu ââ¬Ëalayhi wa sallam, would divide them by himself. However, the camels and other cattle remained in the folds until it was time for their division. Even in the time of Abu Bakr there was not treasury. Abu Bakr earmarked a house where all money was kept on receipt. As all money was distributed immediately the treasury generally remained locked up. It was reported that at the time of the death of Abu Bakr there was only one dirham in the public treasury. After the death of 1st caliph things changes. Establishment of Bait-ul-maal In the time of Umar (R. A) things changed. With the extension in conquests money came in larger quantities, Umar also allowed salaries to men fighting in the army. Abu Huraira who was the Governor of Bahrain sent a revenue of five hundred thousand dirhams. Umar summoned a meeting of his Consultative Assembly and sought the opinion of the Companions about the disposal of the money. Uthman ibn Affan advised that the amount should be kept for future needs. Walid bin Hisham suggested that like the Byzantines separate departments of Treasury and Accounts should be set up. After consulting the Companions Umar (R. A) decided to establish the Central Treasury at Madinah. Abdullah bin Arqam was appointed as the Treasury Officer. He was assisted by Abdur Rahman bin Awf and Muiqib. A separate Accounts Department was also set up and it was required to maintain record of all that was spent. Later provincial treasuries were set up in the provinces. After meeting the local expenditure the provincial treasuries were required to remit the surplus amount to the central treasury at Madinah. According to Yaqubi the salaries and stipends charged to the central treasury amounted to over 30 million dirhams. Whereas a separate building was constructed for the royal treasury by the name bait-u-maal, which in large cities was guarded by as many as 400 guards. Finally in Hazart Umerââ¬â¢s regime the concept of Bait-ul-maal was implemented and strengthened. Zakat This is the most important source of revenue of the Bait-ul-maal. It is different from the other revenues because its collection, in regards of with its collected amounts and in regards with its spending. Islam restricted the sources from where Zakat is collected, it is collected from the wealth of Muslims only and not from the non-Muslims. It is, as well, not a general tax, rather one of the pillars of Islam. Besides this, paying Zakat achieves a spiritual value, like the prayer, fasting and the hajj. Holy Quran and Prophet (pbuh) has laid a great emphasis on the duty of paying sadqats. Once the Messenger of Allah (SAW) sent Muââ¬â¢az to Yemen and said to him: ââ¬Å"Inform them that Allah obliged Sadaqah upon their wealth that is taken from their rich and given to their poor. â⬠The Holy Prophet (S. A. W) fixed the rate on possession of wealth above a certain level and enforce its collection. There are different rates of Zakat on various properties such as zakat on 7. You read "Islamic State" in category "Essay examples" 5tolas of Gold, 52. 5tolas of silver etc. It is, as well, not a general tax, rather one of the pillars of Islam so of great importance to Muslim society. Jizyah Jizyah is derived from ââ¬ËJazaââ¬â¢ which means ââ¬Ërecompenseââ¬â¢ or ââ¬Ëcompensationââ¬â¢. It is a per capita tax levied on a section of an Islamic stateââ¬â¢s non-Muslim citizens. From the point of view of the Muslim rulers, jizya was a material proof of the non-Muslimsââ¬â¢ acceptance of subjection to the state and its lawsIn return, non-Muslim citizens were permitted to practice their faith, to enjoy a measure of communal autonomy, to be entitled to the Muslim stateââ¬â¢s protection from outside aggression, and to be exempted from military service and the zakat taxes obligatory upon Muslim citizens. Allah said ââ¬Å"Fight, with those from among the people of the book who do not believe in Allah nor in the Last Day; who do not make unlawful that which Allah and His Messenger has made unlawful and adopt the right way as their way. (Fight with them) until they pay Jazia with their own hands and are humbled. â⬠[9:30] Kharaj Land of the conquered terrorities left by the reigning Caliph in the possession of the subjugated unbelievers and land of thoses countries which accepted the sovereignty of Islamic state by a treaty of peace are called kharaji. The revenue, tax, rent, rate, lease, produce, income, wages etc collected from these land owners is called kaharaj. This policy of collection was first adopted my Hazart Umer r. a butà sanction for the levy of Kharaj is also found from the practice of the Prophet of Islam who gave the conquered lands of Khaiber to the Jews (who were previous owners of these lands) on the agreement that they would pay half of the produce to the Islamic State. Now I will call upon Sajjad Naqwi to guide you through rest of the sources of revenue of house of treasury. Sadqat Linguistically, sadaqah is derived from the root sadq or sidq, which means ââ¬Å"to speak the truth, to be sincere. â⬠It can also mean, ââ¬Å"candor and efficiency. â⬠Quran and Hadith laid emphasis on sadqat. It finds its origin in Godââ¬â¢s command to: ââ¬Å"Take sadaqah (charity) from their property in order to purify and sanctify them. â⬠(Qurââ¬â¢an at-Taubah:103) There are two main types 1- Sadqat-i-Wajiba(obligatory Sadqat) 2-Sadqat-i-Nafla( supplementary sadqat) Sadqat-i-Wajiba is the offering of Zakat while Sadqat-i-Nafla is distribution of charity according to your will. Faie If overawed by the might of the Muslim army, the infidel forces runway without a fight leaving behind goods and property or after victory in battle the Muslim leaves the land of the unbelievers in their possession and ownership subject to a fixed tax, or a Kharaj or Jizyah all this gain sum up to FAIE. In this sense even kharaj and Jizyah become a kind of Faie. The Holy Quran declared the faie revenues as the right of bait-ul-maal. Faie is distributed amongst the soilders of Islam but instead is kept for the poor and needy. Orders regarding the Faie have beed issued in Sura Al-Hashr: Whatever Allah restorted to His Messenger from the people of the habitants, belongs to Allah and the Messenger and the kinsfolk and the orphans and the needy and the wayfarers, so that it does not remain circulating among your rich people only. Take whatever you Messenger gives you, and refrain from whatever he forbids you. Fear Allah , for Allah is stern in inflicting punishment. â⬠[59:7-10] Zaraib Taxes, apart from zakat and sadqat, which the Islamic state is constraint to rely on the rich to meet the emergencies are called Zaraib. Such emergencies include war, drought, carrying out of urgent public welfare works and alleviation of unemployment. Discussing the question of assisting the destitute, Imam Ibn-e-Hazm writes: ââ¬Å"If the bait-ul-mal funds, and revenues of faie fall short of meeting the economic needs of the suppliants the Caliph can impose additional taxes on the rich. If they resist, the Caliph can use force to make them pay. â⬠Kra-al-ard State lands leased out on fixed rent are called ââ¬ËAnnual Rentââ¬â¢ kra-al-ard/lagan. No ushr or kharaj is levied on these lands. Lands which after war are denoted to a trust for the Muslims or ownerless tracts managed by Bait-ul-maal are called ââ¬ËArd al-Mamlukataââ¬â¢ or Ard al-Hauza Ashur Import duty was collected only once a year from merchants who brought trade goods into the territory of the Islamic state. This custom or import duty is called Ashur. This duty was imposed fot the first tiome in the regime of Caliph Umer (R. A). Muslim traders who carried goods for sale to Rome or Iran paid custom on each consignment. As a reciprocal measure the Islamic govt also imposed a duty on incoming goods, but the duty was exacted only once a yr. Muslim, Dhimmi, or Non-Muslims, no one was exempt from this duty. However each of them had to pay different rates of Ashur. Muslims being 2. 5%, Dhimmis 5% and Non-Arabs 10%. The minimum value of merchandise on which the duty was payable was 200 dirhams. Muslims who paid Zakat were exempted if they showed an affidavit. Waqf To transfer oneââ¬â¢s property to the ownership of Allah, that is, to dedicate it to the cause of Allah is called Waqf(trust). The income from this property is deposited in the Bait-ul-maal. Amwal-i-fazla Other source of revenue includes: * The property of a deceased Muslim or Dhimmi with no heir becomes the the property of Bait-ul-maal * Secondly the property of an apostate is confiscated by the state and passed on to the ownership of Bait-ul-maal CONCLUSION Baitul Maal program is designed toà strengthen human resources, information technology, mentoring and facilitation of financing, and system management software technology-based and community empowerment in the areas of sustainable economic development. The master of the institution of bait-ul-maal is ALLAH and it is made to serve people and to maintain equality and brotherhood in the society. Tax system was designed in such a way that citizens did not consider it as burden and fail to fulfill it. Taxes which were imposed and collected were just for the prosperity of state and its citizens and to make the Islamic state a welfare state. Hence following the rules and regulations of Bait-ul-maal can help put an end to poverty THANK YOU!!! How to cite Islamic State, Essay examples
Wednesday, April 29, 2020
Ronald Ryan free essay sample
He was the only son, with three sisters, of Australian born parents John Ronald Ryan and Eveline Cecelia Thompson. John who was an invalid former miner violently abused Ronald and Eveline who was a domestic servant emotionally neglected him. Ronaldââ¬â¢s childhood consisted of his parentsââ¬â¢ alcoholism, poverty through there family, and poor health, particularly his fatherââ¬â¢s chronic phthisis. In November 1936, Ronald was sent to Rupertswood, Sunbury, the Salesian Orderââ¬â¢s school for orphaned, wayward and neglected boys. Ryan escaped from the school in September 1939 and worked with his half brother in and around Balranald, New South Wales. Spare money that he earned was sent to his mother looking after his sick alcoholic father. At the age of twenty, Ryan had saved enough money to rent a house in Balranald and eventually settled there with his mother and three sisters, worked as a labourer and kept out of the hands of the law. We will write a custom essay sample on Ronald Ryan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ryanââ¬â¢s father stayed in Melbourne and died a year later aged 62, after a long battle with minersââ¬â¢ disease, phthisis tuberculosis. At the age of 23, Ryan returned to Melbourne where he was employed as a storeman. On the 4th of February that year at St Stephenââ¬â¢s Anglican Church, Richmond, he married Dorothy Janet George, a secretary, educated at a private school, who had rebelled against her wealthy parents. Ryan had a long list of criminal chargers and these first started in 1953 when he was acquitted on a charge of arson. In 1956, Ryan used a number of forged cheques to pay for his gambling debts, and was only placed on a good-behaviour bond. Although, by 1959, Ryan was virtually a professional criminal, leading a gang that broke into many shops and factories. After been in custody by the police in April 1960, he and three accomplices escaped from the police, but were recaptured after several days later. On June 17, Ryan pleaded guilty to eight charges of breaking and stealing, and one of escaping from legal custody. Ryan was sentenced to eight and a half years imprisonment. Appearing to want to rehabilitate himself, Ryan was released on parole in August 1963, but soon returned to crime. He started robbing butcher shops and used explosives to blow their safes. Ryan and two accomplices were caught after a butcher shop robbery on January the 4th 1964. Ryan was charged with breaking and entering and theft offences. Bailed on the 3rd of February 1964, Ryan skipped town and fled to New South Wales where he later admitted to nine robberies, in New South Wales, between 4 April and 11 July 1964. On a visit home on the 14th of July, the Victorian Police caught Ryan. On the 13th of November 1964, Ryan received another eight-year prison sentence for breaking and entering where he was sent to Pentridge Prison. Within 10 months of this new sentence, his wife divorced him. I wouldnââ¬â¢t describe Ryan as a dangerous criminal. I think that he thought he had to do these crimes for a living or in order to survive. I believe that Ryanââ¬â¢s life in crime started due to his traumatizing childhood. In my opinion, I believe that family background matters a lot in determining how a person will grow up to be. Ronald Ryan did not have a great childhood and this obviously affected him. I do think that Ryan could have rehabilitated himself and started a new life for him and his family. Ronald Ryan escaped from prison with Peter Walker on Sunday 19th of December 1965 at 2. 07pm. Both Ryan and Walker were serving prison sentences for robbery. Ryan had planned to escape from prison after being informed that his wife was filing a divorce. After Ryan was to escape he had plans to take his wife and three daughters and live overseas. However, things did not go according to plan. As prison officers were taking turns attending a staff Christmas party, Ryan and Walker scaled a five-metre prison wall with two wooden benches, a hook and blankets. Running along the top of a prison wall, they overpowered a prison officer who was on duty in a watchtower. Ryan took Langeââ¬â¢s M1 carbine rifle. Apparently, Ryan had pulled the cocking lever of the rifle with the cocking-lever switch on, and then released it. This would have forced a round of ammunition to fall out of the gun onto the floor of the watchtower. Ryan threatened Lange to pull the lever that would open the watchtower gate. Ryan quickly realised that Lange deliberately pulled the wrong lever so he jabbed the rifle into Langeââ¬â¢s back and made him pull the correct lever. After finally getting the main gates open, Ryan and Walker ran out onto a busy street where they planned to steal a car. In this time, Lange had raised the prison alarm indicating a prison escape where armed prison offices quickly appeared to try and stop the two. Eye witnesses testified to seeing Ryan waving his rifle around to cars, while George Hodson, a warder, was seen chasing after Walker. Armed prison officers were also seen aiming their rifles in the direction of Hodson, Walker and Ryan. Ryan apparently had another attempt to cock the rifle, which caused another round of ammunition to fall out of the rifle. In these scenes of chaos, one gunshot was heard and prison officer George Hodson fell dead on the ground. A single bullet had struck Hodson on the right shoulder, travelling from front to back in a downward angle, suggesting the shot had been fired from a distance at an elevated position. The bullet had exited through Hodsonââ¬â¢s back, an inch lower than the point of entry. Although the bullet was never found. Ryan and Walker successfully escaped using a car they stole outside the prison. On the 24th December 1965 the Victorian government announced a $10,000 reward for the capture of Ryan and Walkers arrest. They were finally captured in Sydney on January 5th 1966. On the 30th of March the jury convicted Walker of manslaughter and Ryan guilty of murder and sentenced to death by hanging. Ryan was hanged in ââ¬Å"Dâ⬠division at Pentridge Prison 8. 00am on Friday 3rd of February 1967. Ronald Ryan free essay sample Ryan escaped from the school in September 1939 and worked with his half brother in and around Balranald, New South Wales. Spare money that he earned was sent to his mother looking after his sick alcoholic father. At the age of twenty, Ryan had saved enough money to rent a house in Balranald and eventually settled there with his mother and three sisters, worked as a labourer and kept out of the hands of the law. Ryanââ¬â¢s father stayed in Melbourne and died a year later aged 62, after a long battle with minersââ¬â¢ disease, phthisis tuberculosis. At the age of 23, Ryan returned to Melbourne where he was employed as a storeman. On the 4th of February that year at St Stephenââ¬â¢s Anglican Church, Richmond, he married Dorothy Janet George, a secretary, educated at a private school, who had rebelled against her wealthy parents. Ryan had a long list of criminal chargers and these first started in 1953 when he was acquitted on a charge of arson. We will write a custom essay sample on Ronald Ryan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 1956, Ryan used a number of forged cheques to pay for his gambling debts, and was only placed on a good-behaviour bond. Although, by 1959, Ryan was virtually a professional criminal, leading a gang that broke into many shops and factories. After been in custody by the police in April 1960, he and three accomplices escaped from the police, but were recaptured after several days later. On June 17, Ryan pleaded guilty to eight charges of breaking and stealing, and one of escaping from legal custody. Ryan was sentenced to eight and a half years imprisonment. Appearing to want to rehabilitate himself, Ryan was released on parole in August 1963, but soon returned to crime. He started robbing butcher shops and used explosives to blow their safes. Ryan and two accomplices were caught after a butcher shop robbery on January the 4th 1964. Ryan was charged with breaking and entering and theft offences. Bailed on the 3rd of February 1964, Ryan skipped town and fled to New South Wales where he later admitted to nine robberies, in New South Wales, between 4 April and 11 July 1964. On a visit home on the 14th of July, the Victorian Police caught Ryan. On the 13th of November 1964, Ryan received another eight-year prison sentence for breaking and entering where he was sent to Pentridge Prison. Within 10 months of this new sentence, his wife divorced him. I wouldnââ¬â¢t describe Ryan as a dangerous criminal. I think that he thought he had to do these crimes for a living or in order to survive. I believe that Ryanââ¬â¢s life in crime started due to his traumatizing childhood. In my opinion, I believe that family background matters a lot in determining how a person will grow up to be. Ronald Ryan did not have a great childhood and this obviously affected him. I do think that Ryan could have rehabilitated himself and started a new life for him and his family. Ronald Ryan escaped from prison with Peter Walker on Sunday 19th of December 1965 at 2. 07pm. Both Ryan and Walker were serving prison sentences for robbery. Ryan had planned to escape from prison after being informed that his wife was filing a divorce. After Ryan was to escape he had plans to take his wife and three daughters and live overseas. However, things did not go according to plan. As prison officers were taking turns attending a staff Christmas party, Ryan and Walker scaled a five-metre prison wall with two wooden benches, a hook and blankets. Running along the top of a prison wall, they overpowered a prison officer who was on duty in a watchtower. Ryan took Langeââ¬â¢s M1 carbine rifle. Apparently, Ryan had pulled the cocking lever of the rifle with the cocking-lever switch on, and then released it. This would have forced a round of ammunition to fall out of the gun onto the floor of the watchtower. Ryan threatened Lange to pull the lever that would open the watchtower gate. Ryan quickly realised that Lange deliberately pulled the wrong lever so he jabbed the rifle into Langeââ¬â¢s back and made him pull the correct lever. After finally getting the main gates open, Ryan and Walker ran out onto a busy street where they planned to steal a car. In this time, Lange had raised the prison alarm indicating a prison escape where armed prison offices quickly appeared to try and stop the two. Eye witnesses testified to seeing Ryan waving his rifle around to cars, while George Hodson, a warder, was seen chasing after Walker. Armed prison officers were also seen aiming their rifles in the direction of Hodson, Walker and Ryan. Ryan apparently had another attempt to cock the rifle, which caused another round of ammunition to fall out of the rifle. In these scenes of chaos, one gunshot was heard and prison officer George Hodson fell dead on the ground. A single bullet had struck Hodson on the right shoulder, travelling from front to back in a downward angle, suggesting the shot had been fired from a distance at an elevated position. The bullet had exited through Hodsonââ¬â¢s back, an inch lower than the point of entry. Although the bullet was never found. Ryan and Walker successfully escaped using a car they stole outside the prison. On the 24th December 1965 the Victorian government announced a $10,000 reward for the capture of Ryan and Walkers arrest. They were finally captured in Sydney on January 5th 1966. On the 30th of March the jury convicted Walker of manslaughter and Ryan guilty of murder and sentenced to death by hanging. Ryan was hanged in ââ¬Å"Dâ⬠division at Pentridge Prison 8. 00am on Friday 3rd of February 1967.
Friday, March 20, 2020
5 Tips on How to Write a Personal Statement for College
5 Tips on How to Write a Personal Statement for College 5 Tips on How to Write a Personal Statement for College When applying to study at college, you might be asked to provide a personal statement. This is a brief explanation of who you are and what makes you a good candidate, going into more depth than simply listing a GPA, qualifications or test scores. But what should a personal statement include? And how can you use yours effectively? 1. Make it Personal As the name might suggest, a personal statement should be personal. This includes your academic achievements, but youââ¬â¢ll also want to add a bit about your life more generally, like your passions and interests outside of studying or significant events from your past. My past? Sure, Ive seen some things(Photo: wikimedia/Dukeofsully3) The important thing is to communicate something about you as a person. Writing about challenges youââ¬â¢ve overcome, for instance, could help to show that youââ¬â¢re resourceful when faced with a problem. 2. Aims and Objectives As well as your education so far, your personal statement should include something about your aims and objectives. In the short term these might be directly related to the course youââ¬â¢re applying to study, but you should also consider how your studies fit into a long-term career plan. Applicant: I want to study marine biology so I can fulfill my long-term ambition to become Lobster Santa.College admissions officer: Welcome aboard! 3. Do Your Research While you can use a template to save time when making several applications, each personal statement you write should be tailored to the specific college to which youââ¬â¢re applying. Taking a look at the schoolââ¬â¢s website is a good start, as you should be able to find information about the course and faculty there. You could also contact a faculty member to ask about the program, which could help you explain why you want to study there in particular. 4. Show Off! In a personal statement, you need to sell yourself as a student, focusing on what makes you a better choice than the other candidates. It therefore never hurts to show off your subject knowledge and achievements. Donââ¬â¢t go into too much depth, as itââ¬â¢s also important that your personal statement is concise and easy to read. But mentioning specific research interests and any personal qualities that you think would make you a valuable addition to the school community is a great approach. Im mostly interested in heliospheric space plasmas, but I also make a mean mojito. 5. Redrafting and Proofreading Since your personal statement is all about making a good first impression, perfecting and proofreading it before submitting your application is vital. As such, after youââ¬â¢ve written a first draft, take some time away before making revisions. This will help you to spot mistakes you might otherwise miss, helping to maximize your statements impact.
Wednesday, March 4, 2020
Choosing the Right Philosophy Ph.D. Program For You
Choosing the Right Philosophy Ph.D. Program For You Choosing a philosophyà program can be extremely difficult. In the U.S. alone, there are over 100 well-established schools granting graduate degrees (M.A., M.Phil., or Ph.D.) in philosophy. Needless to say, Canada, the U.K., Australia, France, Spain, Holland, Belgium, Germany, and several other countries have advanced degree programs that are well-regarded, too. How should you decide which program is best for you? Length of the Degree and Financial Aid One of the most important factors to consider when choosing an academic program is the length. When it comes to Ph.D. programs, U.S. departments typically require a longer period of study (between roughly four and seven years) and usually offer multi-year financial aid packages. Other countries have different systems, and in the U.K., France, Germany, and Spain, it is more common to find three-year Ph.D. programs, some of which offer financial aid. The financial aid aspect can be a decisive factor for many students. Fresh graduates of philosophy Ph.D. programs can expect to face more challenges in the job market than graduates of law school and medical school programs. Even for graduates fortunate enough to obtain an academic job after completing their degree, it can be difficult to pay off thousands of dollars in loans. For this reason, it is not recommended to begin an advanced degree in philosophy without first securing proper financial aid. Placement Record Another important characteristic of an advanced degree program is its placement record. What sorts of jobs have the graduates from the program secured over the last few years? The placement recordà can be an important indicator for prospective students. Keep in mind that placement records can improve or weaken on the basis ofà changes in the reputation of the faculty members of the department and, to a smaller degree, of the institution. For instance, the philosophy departmentsà atà New York Universityà andà Rutgers Universityà significantly transformed their reputations since the early 2000s, and in 2017 their graduates were among the most sought-after on the market. Specialty It is, however, important to choose a program that suits the interests of the prospective student. In some cases, a relatively less-known program may actually be a students best choice. For instance, for someone interested in phenomenology and religion, theà University of Louvainà inà Belgium offers an excellent program.à Ohio State Universityà offers a top-notch program for students interested in the philosophy of mathematics. Because Ph.D. programs take years to complete and require a great investment on the part of the student, it is important to find a school where the student can engage intellectually with other students and faculty on the subjects that most interest them. That may be, in some cases, a prestigious name-brand school. It may also be a smaller school that happens to be less prestigious. Location Enrolling in a Ph.D. program often requires relocating- to a new country, a new city, a new neighborhood. Before making this drastic change, students should consider the location of the school and ask themselves whether they believe they can thrive in that environment. A sleepy college town may be the perfect study-zone for some students. Others may be more comfortable in a crowded city. Prestigious Departments Which schools have the most prestigious philosophy departments? It depends on how you measure prestige. Programs are always changing, and star faculty sometimes move from one program to another. Nevertheless, there are a number of schools that are known for the strength of their philosophy programs. They include Harvard University, Princeton University, the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, University of Pittsburgh, M.I.T., University of Pennsylvania, U.C.L.A., Stanford University, U.C. Berkeley, Columbia University and the University of Chicago. Department Rankings For more detailed information about how different schools compete, students can consult department rankings. The most influential ranking is probably the Philosophical Gourmet Report, edited by Professor Brian Leiter of the University of Chicago. The report, based on the evaluations of 300 faculty members, also contains a number of useful additional resources for prospective students. More recently, the Pluralistââ¬â¢s Guide to Philosophy Graduate Programsà has offered an alternative perspective on the strength of various philosophy departments. This guide focuses on a number of research areas that are not as prominent in Leiters report. Another ranking that deserves some attention is the Hartmann Report, edited by graduate student John Hartmann.
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